PERBEDAAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata Linn) PADA BERBAGAI JENIS PELARUT

Agustina, Ni Made Ari (2026) PERBEDAAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata Linn) PADA BERBAGAI JENIS PELARUT. Diploma thesis, Poltekkes Kemenkes Denpasar Jurusan Teknologi Laboratorium Medis.

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Abstract

DIFFERENCES IN TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOURSOP LEAF EXTRACT (Annona muricata Linn) IN VARIOUS TYPES OF SOLVENTS ABSTRACT Background: Excess free radicals can induce oxidative stress; therefore, natural antioxidants are needed, one of which is soursop leaves (Annona muricata Linn) rich in flavonoids. Objective: This study aimed to determine differences in total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of soursop leaf extracts using distilled water, 70% ethanol, and ethyl acetate as solvents. Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a one-group posttest-only design. Extraction was performed using maceration with distilled water, 70% ethanol, and ethyl acetate. Total flavonoid content was analyzed using the AlCl₃ method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method based on IC50 and AAI values. Results: The highest total flavonoid content was found in ethyl acetate extract (10,891 mg QE/g), followed by 70% ethanol (5,837 mg QE/g) and distilled water (1,063 mg QE/g). The strongest antioxidant activity was observed in 70% ethanol extract (IC50 19,918 µg/ml; AAI 7,92), followed by ethyl acetate (IC50 37,529 µg/ml; AAI 4,20) and distilled water (IC50 184,909 µg/ml; AAI 0,85). Conclusion: There were significant differences in total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity among different solvents (p < 0,05). Ethyl acetate was optimal for flavonoid extraction, while 70% ethanol showed the highest antioxidant activity. Keywords: soursop leaves; flavonoids; antioxidant; solvents. PERBEDAAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata Linn) PADA BERBAGAI JENIS PELARUT ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Radikal bebas yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif sehingga diperlukan antioksidan alami, salah satunya dari daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) yang kaya flavonoid. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun sirsak pada pelarut akuades, etanol 70%, dan etil asetat. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experiment dengan desain one-group posttest only. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut akuades, etanol 70%, dan etil asetat. Kadar flavonoid total dianalisis metode AlCl₃ menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan diuji metode DPPH berdasarkan nilai IC50 dan AAI. Hasil: Kadar flavonoid total tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak daun sirsak pelarut etil asetat (10,891 mg QE/g), diikuti etanol 70% (5,837 mg QE/g) dan akuades (1,063 mg QE/g). Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak daun sirsak pelarut etanol 70% (IC50 19,918 µg/ml; AAI 7,92), diikuti etil asetat (IC50 37,529 µg/ml; AAI 4,20), dan akuades (IC50 184,909 µg/ml; AAI 0,85). Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan pada berbagai jenis pelarut (p < 0,05), etil asetat optimal untuk flavonoid, sedangkan etanol 70% memberikan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi. Kata kunci: daun sirsak; flavonoid; antioksidan; pelarut.

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