HUBUNGAN POLA KONSUMSI PROTEIN HEWANI DENGAN STATUS STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 2–5 TAHUN DI DESA SATAR LENDA KABUPATEN MANGGARAI

Geni, Vinsensia (2026) HUBUNGAN POLA KONSUMSI PROTEIN HEWANI DENGAN STATUS STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 2–5 TAHUN DI DESA SATAR LENDA KABUPATEN MANGGARAI. Diploma thesis, Politeknik Kesehatan Denpasar Jurusan Gizi dan Dietetika 2026.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah kekurangan gizi kronis yang berdampak buruk pada kualitas hidup anak. Di wilayah pedesaan dengan mayoritas ekonomi agraris seperti Desa Satar Lenda, aksesibilitas terhadap pangan berkualitas sering kali menjadi tantangan. Protein hewani memiliki keunggulan biologis berupa asam amino esensial lengkap yang krusial untuk menstimulasi hormon pertumbuhan linier balita. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pola konsumsi protein hewani (jenis, frekuensi, dan jumlah konsumsi) dengan status stunting pada balita usia 2–5 tahun di Desa Satar Lenda, Kabupaten Manggarai. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Satar Lenda dengan sampel sebanyak 63 balita usia 2–5 tahun beserta orang tuanya yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data pola konsumsi (jenis, frekuensi, jumlah) dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), sedangkan status stunting dinilai berdasarkan indikator antropometri TB/U atau PB/U. Analisis data menggunakan tabulasi silang (crosstabulation) dan uji statistik Chi-Square (α = 0,05). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas keluarga responden memiliki pendapatan rendah (< Rp 1.500.000,-) sebesar 73,0%. Prevalensi stunting pada balita di Desa Satar Lenda mencapai 38,1% (30,2% pendek dan 7,9% sangat pendek). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis konsumsi protein hewani dengan status stunting (p = 0,003), di mana 59,3% balita dengan jenis lauk tidak lengkap mengalami stunting. Hubungan yang sangat signifikan juga ditemukan pada variabel frekuensi konsumsi (p = 0,000) dan jumlah konsumsi protein hewani (p = 0,000). Seluruh kasus stunting (100%) terkonsentrasi pada balita yang mengonsumsi protein hewani dalam jumlah "Kurang" dari standar Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola konsumsi protein hewani (jenis, frekuensi, dan jumlah) dengan status stunting pada balita di Desa Satar Lenda. Rendahnya kuantitas (jumlah porsi) asupan menjadi faktor pembatas utama pertumbuhan anak. Disarankan bagi program puskesmas setempat untuk meningkatkan edukasi gizi yang berfokus pada kecukupan takaran porsi pangan hewani harian anak dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya pangan lokal terjangkau. Kata Kunci : Balita, Frekuensi, Jenis, Jumlah, Protein Hewani, Stunting Background: Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem that adversely affects children's quality of life. In rural areas with predominantly agricultural economies like Satar Lenda Village, accessibility to quality food is often a challenge. Animal protein has biological advantages, containing complete essential amino acids crucial for stimulating the linear growth hormone in toddlers. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between animal protein consumption patterns (type, frequency, and amount of consumption) and stunting status among toddlers aged 2–5 years in Satar Lenda Village, Manggarai Regency. Methods: This quantitative descriptive-analytic study used a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Satar Lenda Village with a sample of 63 toddlers aged 2–5 years and their parents, selected using the total sampling technique. Data on consumption patterns (type, frequency, amount) were collected through a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), while stunting status was assessed using HAZ (Height-for-Age Z-score) anthropometric indicators. Data analysis used crosstabulation and the Chi-Square statistical test (α = 0,05). Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents' families had a low income (< IDR 1,500,000) at 73.0%. The prevalence of stunting among toddlers in Satar Lenda Village reached 38.1% (30.2% stunted and 7.9% severely stunted). Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between the type of animal protein consumption and stunting status (p = 0.003), where 59.3% of toddlers with incomplete types of side dishes experienced stunting. Highly significant relationships were also found in the consumption frequency variable (p = 0.000) and the amount of animal protein consumption (p = 0.000). All stunting cases (100%) were concentrated among toddlers who consumed animal protein in "Inadequate" amounts compared to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between animal protein consumption patterns (type, frequency, and amount) and stunting status among toddlers in Satar Lenda Village. Inadequate intake quantity (portion size) serves as the primary limiting factor for child growth. It is recommended that local community health center (Puskesmas) programs enhance nutritional education, specifically emphasizing the adequacy of daily animal protein portion sizes using affordable local food resources. Keywords: Toddlers, Frequency, Type, Amount, Animal Protein, Stunting

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