KERAGAMAN MORFOLOGI DAN TIPE GRAM BAKTERI YANG BERPOTENSI MENDEGRADASI MIKROPLASTIK DI HUTAN MANGROVE NGURAH RAI BALI TAHUN 2026

Astawa, Ida Bagus Nyoman Surya (2026) KERAGAMAN MORFOLOGI DAN TIPE GRAM BAKTERI YANG BERPOTENSI MENDEGRADASI MIKROPLASTIK DI HUTAN MANGROVE NGURAH RAI BALI TAHUN 2026. Diploma thesis, Poltekkes Kemenkes Denpasar Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan 2026.

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Abstract

MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND GRAM TYPES OF BACTERIA POTENTIALLY CAPABLE OF DEGRADING MICROPLASTICS IN THE NGURAH RAI MANGROVE FOREST BALI, IN 2026 ABSTRACT This research is motivated by the increasing microplastic pollution in the Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest area of Bali due to the accumulation of plastic waste that is difficult to degrade naturally. Microplastics can contaminate sediments and disrupt the balance of the mangrove ecosystem. One environmentally friendly treatment effort is through bioremediation using indigenous bacteria capable of degrading plastic. This study aims to determine the diversity of bacteria that have the potential to degrade microplastics in mangrove sediments. The study used a descriptive exploratory method with a laboratory approach. Sediment samples were taken from three points in the Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest area of Bali using a purposive sampling technique. Bacterial isolation was carried out using Mineral Salt Medium (MSM) media with the addition of PLA and PET plastic as carbon sources. The grown isolates were then purified on Nutrient Agar (NA) media, followed by Gram staining and microscopic observation to determine the morphological characteristics of the bacteria. The results showed that six bacterial isolates were obtained, having bacilli and coccobacilli forms with Gram-positive and Gram-negative characteristics. The ability of bacteria to grow in media without additional carbon sources indicates that the isolates have the potential to utilize plastic as a carbon and energy source, thus potentially being developed as environmentally friendly microplastic bioremediation agents. Keywords: microplastics, biodegradation, mangrove, KERAGAMAN MORFOLOGI DAN TIPE GRAM BAKTERI YANG BERPOTENSI MENDEGRADASI MIKROPLASTIK DI HUTAN MANGROVE NGURAH RAI BALI TAHUN 2026 ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya pencemaran mikroplastik di kawasan Hutan Mangrove Ngurah Rai Bali akibat akumulasi sampah plastik yang sulit terdegradasi secara alami. Mikroplastik dapat mencemari sedimen dan mengganggu keseimbangan ekosistem mangrove. Salah satu upaya penanganan yang ramah lingkungan adalah melalui bioremediasi menggunakan bakteri indigenous yang mampu mendegradasi plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keragaman bakteri yang berpotensi mendegradasi mikroplastik pada sedimen mangrove. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan pendekatan laboratorik. Sampel sedimen diambil dari tiga titik kawasan Hutan Mangrove Ngurah Rai Bali menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan menggunakan media Mineral Salt Medium (MSM) dengan tambahan plastik PLA dan PET sebagai sumber karbon. Isolat yang tumbuh kemudian dimurnikan pada media Nutrient Agar (NA), dilanjutkan dengan pewarnaan Gram dan pengamatan mikroskopis untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diperoleh enam isolat bakteri yang memiliki bentuk basil dan kokobasil dengan karakter Gram positif dan Gram negatif. Kemampuan bakteri tumbuh pada media tanpa sumber karbon tambahan menunjukkan bahwa isolat berpotensi memanfaatkan plastik sebagai sumber karbon dan energi sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen bioremediasi mikroplastik ramah lingkungan. Kata kunci: mikroplastik, biodegradasi, mangrove, gram bakteri

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