HUBUNGAN KADAR GULA DARAH TERHADAP JUMLAH BAKTERI PADA SALIVA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS

Riswandani, Nursinta (2025) HUBUNGAN KADAR GULA DARAH TERHADAP JUMLAH BAKTERI PADA SALIVA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS. Diploma thesis, Poltekkes Kemenkes Denpasar Jurusan Teknologi Laboratorium Medis 2025.

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Abstract

THE CORRELATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE TO THE NUMBER OF BACTERIA IN THE SALIVA OF DIABETES MELITUS PATIENTS ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a persistent non-communicable disorder often found in the community. Patients with long-standing diabetes and uncontrolled blood glucose cause high salivary glucose levels and decreased salivary flow. Such alterations create a milieu conducive to bacterial proliferation, thereby increasing the risk of oral discomfort and a range of infections in the oral cavity. Purpose: This study aims to determine the correlation between blood glucose and the number of bacteria in the saliva of Diabetes mellitus patients. Method: This research is a correlational research based on a cross-sectional design. The study population comprised individuals receiving treatment for diabetes mellitus. A total of 32 participants were selected using the Slovin formula, and data collection utilized an accidental sampling approach. Data were collected through questionnaires, fasting blood sugar tests using the POCT (Point Of Care Testing) method, bacterial count in saliva using the TPC (Total Plate Count) method, and Gram staining. Results: The study showed that all respondents (100%) had high blood glucose and high bacterial counts. Data analysis was carried out using the Kolmogorov Smirnov statistical test followed by the Pearson correlation test. The results of statistical analysis revealed a very strong and significant positive correlation between blood glucose and bacterial count (p = 0.000; r = 0.923). In addition, the bacterial composition shows the dominance of Gram-positive bacteria (55.2%) compared to Gram-negative (44.8%). Conclusion: There is a correlation between blood glucose and the number of bacteria in the saliva of Diabetes mellitus patients. Keywords: Blood Glucose; Number Of Bacteria HUBUNGAN KADAR GULA DARAH TERHADAP JUMLAH BAKTERI PADA SALIVA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) ialah penyakit non-komunikabel bersifat kronis yang banyak dijumpai di masyarakat. Penderita DM yang sudah lama serta kadar gula darahnya tidak terkontrol menyebabkan kadar glukosa saliva menjadi tinggi serta aliran saliva menurun. Kondisi ini menciptakan lingkungan yang ideal bagi pertumbuhan serta perkembangan bakteri, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan serta berbagai infeksi di rongga mulut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar gula darah terhadap jumlah bakteri pada saliva penderita DM. Metode: Penelitian berjenis korelasional berbasis desain potong lintang (cross-sectional). Populasi penelitian meliputi pasien DM yang sedang menjalani terapi, dengan sampel sejumlah 32 responden yang ditentukan memakai rumus Slovin. Proses pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara accidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, pemeriksaan kadar gula darah puasa menggunakan metode POCT (Point Of Care Testing), pemeriksaan jumlah bakteri pada saliva menggunakan metode TPC (Total Plate Count), serta pewarnaan Gram. Hasil: Semua responden (100%) menunjukkan kadar glukosa darah di atas batas normal sekaligus jumlah bakteri pada saliva yang tinggi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji statistik Kolmogorov Smirnov dilanjutkan ke uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil analisis statistik mengungkapkan korelasi positif sangat kuat serta bermakna antara kadar glukosa darah terhadap jumlah bakteri (p = 0,000; r = 0,923). Selain itu, komposisi bakteri menunjukkan dominasi bakteri Gram positif 55,2% dibandingkan Gram negatif 44,8%. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kadar gula darah terhadap jumlah bakteri pada saliva penderita DM. Kata Kunci: Kadar Gula Darah; Jumlah Bakteri

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